Hibernate is just one of many JPA tools.ĭeveloped by Gavin King and first released in early 2002, Hibernate is an ORM library for Java. However, like the Java Servlet specification, JPA has spawned many compatible tools and frameworks. JPA and Hibernateīecause of their intertwined history, Hibernate and JPA are frequently conflated. Popular JPA implementations like Hibernate and EclipseLink now support JPA 3. Migrating from JPA 2 to JPA 3 involves some namespace changes, but otherwise the changes are under-the-hood performance gains. The current release as of this writing is JPA 3.1. JPA was adopted as an independent project of Jakarta EE in 2019. It has since evolved as its own spec, starting with the release of JPA 2.0 in Java EE 6 ( JSR 317). The Java Persistence API was first released as a subset of the Enterprise JavaBeans 3.0 specification ( JSR 220) in Java EE 5. The core idea behind JPA as opposed to JDBC, is that for the most part, JPA lets you avoid the need to “think relationally." In JPA, you define your persistence rules in the realm of Java code and objects, whereas JDBC requires you to manually translate from code to relational tables and back again. A popular framework that supports JPA with NoSQL is EclipseLink, the reference implementation for JPA 3. Likewise, while JPA was originally intended for use with relational databases, some JPA implementations have been extended for use with NoSQL datastores. ![]() While JPA's object-relational mapping (ORM) model was originally based on Hibernate, it has since evolved. The JPA specification lets you define which objects should be persisted, and how they are persisted in your Java applications.īy itself, JPA is not a tool or framework rather, it defines a set of concepts that guide implementers. ![]() Not all Java objects need to be persisted, but most applications persist key business objects. As a specification, the Jakarta Persistence API (formerly Java Persistence API) is concerned with persistence, which loosely means any mechanism by which Java objects outlive the application process that created them.
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